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Saint Thomas Christians
The Saint Thomas Christians, also called Syrian Christians or Nasrani, is a community of Christians from Kerala, India, who trace their origins to the evangelistic activity of Saint Thomas in the 1st century, and is one of the oldest Christian communities of the world.〔(''The Encyclopedia of Christianity, Volume 5'' ) by Erwin Fahlbusch. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing - 2008. p. 285. ISBN 978-0-8028-2417-2.〕〔(''The Jews of India: A Story of Three Communities'' ) by Orpa Slapak. The Israel Museum, Jerusalem. 2003. p. 27. ISBN 965-278-179-7.〕 The community was historically united in leadership and liturgy, but since the 17th century have been split into several church denominations and traditions.
Historically the Saint Thomas Christian community was part of the Church of the East, centred in Mesopotamia. They were organised as the Ecclesiastical Province of India in the 8th century, served by bishops and a hereditary Archdeacon. In the 16th century the overtures of the Portuguese ''padroado'' to bring the Saint Thomas Christians into the Catholic Church led to the first of several rifts in the community and the establishment of Catholic and Malankara Church factions. Since that time further splits have occurred, and the Saint Thomas Christians are now divided into several Eastern Catholic, Oriental Orthodox, and independent bodies, each with their own liturgies and traditions.
The Saint Thomas Christians represent a single ethnic group. Saint Thomas Christian culture is Hindu in origin with influences from East Syrian, West Syrian, Jewish and later European sources. Their language is Malayalam, the language of Kerala, and Syriac is used for liturgical purposes. Syriac is a dialect of Aramaic, the language Jesus spoke.
==Terminology==
The Saint Thomas Christians are so called due to their reverence for Saint Thomas the Apostle, who is said to have brought Christianity to India. The name dates to the period of Portuguese colonization. They are also known, especially locally, as the ''Nasrani'' or ''Nasrani Mappila''. "Nasrani" is a term meaning "Christian"; it appears to be a local pronunciation of ''Nazarine'', derived from Nazareth, the home town of Jesus. ''Mappila'' is an honorific applied to members of non-Indian faiths, including Muslims (''Mappila'') and the Cochin Jews (''Yuda Mappila'').〔Županov, Ines G. (2005). (''Missionary Tropics: The Catholic Frontier in India (16th–17th centuries)'' ), p. 99 and note. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-11490-5〕〔Bindu Malieckal (2005) Muslims, Matriliny, and A Midsummer Night's Dream: European Encounters with the Mappilas of Malabar, India; The Muslim World Volume 95 Issue 2 page 300〕 Some Syrian Christians of Travancore continue to attach this honorific title to their names.〔''The Mappila fisherfolk of Kerala: a study in inter-relationship between habitat, technology, economy, society, and culture'' (1977), P. R. G. Mathur, Anthropological Survey of India, Kerala Historical Society, p. 1〕 The Indian government designates members of the community as "Syrian Christians", a term originating with the Dutch colonial authority distinguishing the Saint Thomas Christians, who used Syriac as their liturgical language, from newly evangelized Christians who followed the Latin liturgy.〔Vadakkekara, Benedict (2007). (''Origin of Christianity in India: a Historiographical Critique'' ), p. 52. Media House Delhi.〕 The term ''Syrian'' relates not to their ethnicity but to their historical, religious and liturgical connection to the Church of the East, or East Syrian Church.〔
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